{"id":16816,"date":"2022-09-28T20:55:25","date_gmt":"2022-09-28T20:55:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uxmag.com\/?p=16816"},"modified":"2022-09-28T20:55:37","modified_gmt":"2022-09-28T20:55:37","slug":"ux-and-the-hook","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uxmag.com\/articles\/ux-and-the-hook","title":{"rendered":"UX and the Hook"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p id=\"1e6d\">We have a bit of insight into<a href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/p\/e9a65f22521\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">&nbsp;UX and decision-making.<\/a>&nbsp;We have established that while designing a product we need to be aware of the user\u2019s biases and behaviours. With this in mind can technology be designed to persuade people to behave in a certain way? Can it be used as a positive reinforcement? To understand this, we must unpack certain concepts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"139c\"><strong>Tapping into the user\u2019s mental model<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"2f5b\">\u2018Decision making for most people is oriented around minimizing loss rather than maximizing gains\u2019, based on the principle of loss aversion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"4371\">A user\u2019s mental model is an internal justification that each user has developed regarding how a specific system functions. We have formed notions based on existing knowledge in our head and what we make of the world around us, creating cause-and-effect connections. What contributes to a user\u2019s mental knowledge are: prior experience, our understanding of other processes and systems, and cultural norms to name a few. This then serves to direct our behaviour and actions when performing tasks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"9271\"><strong>Changing digital habits<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"ce9c\">It has been several decades since our access to information over the internet has significantly increased. The impact of and dependency on digital products and services in our lives have become almost synonymous. But does this also mean that the products and services that we use are our new reality? The calories you measure on a fitness tracker or the pressure you check on your blood pressure device, has become our truth. These things are routinely used on a daily basis, and many of us find it difficult to envision living without them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"63a3\">For users who don\u2019t want to go through mountains of generic information to uncover what\u2019s relevant to them, tailoring technologies make life easier. Habits form when the brain stops actively deliberating on what to do next and almost automates certain activities. Introducing a new behavior (or, in other words, developing&nbsp;<em>unfamiliar&nbsp;<\/em>habits) is way more challenging. What user experience elements can help in the successful adoption of a new, unfamiliar habit? Can we tap into the already existing habits of the user and introduce new behaviours\/habits? Possibly persuasive technology (technology created specifically to change its users\u2019 attitudes, habits, or behaviors)can enable that. While we are aware of the negative implications of persuasive technology (a.k.a social dilemma \/black mirror), this can be used effectively for building positive habits and choices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"bdcd\">Two concepts that can help us understand habit creation from a behavioural lens are \u2014 the hook model and B.J Foggs behavioral model.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"e3e2\"><strong>Creating the hook<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"82d1\">Hook model: It\u2019s important that we familiarize ourselves with the Hook Model (Eyal and Hoover2013). The name of the model derives from its ability to \u201chook\u201d people in to using a (typically computer-based) product that may lead to habit formation.The<a href=\"http:\/\/www.hookmodel.com\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">&nbsp;Hook Model<\/a>&nbsp;is a four-step process used to hook users and form habits among them. The four parts of the model include: trigger, action, investment and variable reward.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"23e1\">Imagine a simple real-world experience \u2014 when you wake up in the morning and aren\u2019t fully awake yet, but you need to trick your brain into being alert to conduct activities for the day. How might we ensure that we are fully awake? The simple act of the minty aftertaste of the toothpaste or washing your face lightly with water can act as a cue for alertness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"3633\">Trigger: To begin with, a user must be motivated to react to either an internal or external cue. As there is no internal drive to take action at first, the user is more likely to need an external trigger. Let\u2019s take fitness apps as an example. External triggers for a fitness app could be pop-up notifications, emails to alert or remind you to burn more calories, exercise for the day. Internal triggers happen within the system and are formed as a user progresses through several hooks while using the product, the action is tightly coupled with an emotion. The self-motivation to make a lifestyle change, can be a potential internal trigger to keep engaging with the app. New habits are sparked by external triggers, but association with internal triggers is what keeps the users potentially hooked.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"e5c1\">Action: The user will have to respond to the trigger by taking some action, which is a minor amount of work in exchange for a reward. For instance, the action of double tapping an image on Instagram. When you tap on it, the system immediately confirms your tap in the form of \u2018like\u2019 or heart emoji. This is an important part of the model because it draws upon usability design to drive users to take action.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"7e55\">Reward: The user needs to be rewarded for performing the previous action, it almost becomes a goal for the user to achieve. It provides instant gratification and satisfying a sense of craving to the users. There can be a multitude of rewards introduced to keep the user\u2019s interest piqued. For instance, when you \u2018like\u2019 a certain kind of content on Instagram, videos and posts would appear on your feed based on your taste. These rewards motivate the users to repeat their actions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"e887\">Investment: Last but not least, the system must give the user a chance to make an investment in it, which will increase the probability that they will use it again. Investments include things like bringing new users to the system, for example, incentives in exchange for referring the app to a friend, providing feature feedback, etc. that will enhance the product as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"829\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/uxmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/UX-and-the-Hook-image-1-1.png\" alt=\"Representation of habit loop by James Clear, author of \u2018Atomic Habits\u2019, influenced by Charles Duhigg and Nir Eyal. \" class=\"wp-image-16847\" srcset=\"https:\/\/uxmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/UX-and-the-Hook-image-1-1.png 829w, https:\/\/uxmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/UX-and-the-Hook-image-1-1-243x300.png 243w, https:\/\/uxmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/UX-and-the-Hook-image-1-1-768x949.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 829px) 100vw, 829px\" \/><figcaption><em>Representation of habit loop by James Clear, author of \u2018Atomic Habits\u2019, influenced by Charles Duhigg and Nir Eyal<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"9436\">If there\u2019s no repetition of this loop there will be no habit creation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"5a98\">Fogg Behaviour model: This model can help us determine why a user is taking an action and make sure that a habit or desired behaviour is created effectively. For the behaviour to occur there are three key elements that need to be present \u2014 Motivation + Ability + Trigger. The ability and motivation of the individual to carry out the intended activity are crucial factors to ensure that the triggers will be effective. According to this approach, an external trigger won\u2019t be as successful if engaging in a behaviour is challenging and the individual has little reason to do so.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"607\" src=\"https:\/\/uxmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/UX-and-the-Hook-image-2-1.png\" alt=\"Image from James Clears\u2019 \u2018 Atomic Habits\u2019\" class=\"wp-image-16848\" srcset=\"https:\/\/uxmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/UX-and-the-Hook-image-2-1.png 1024w, https:\/\/uxmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/UX-and-the-Hook-image-2-1-300x178.png 300w, https:\/\/uxmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/UX-and-the-Hook-image-2-1-768x455.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>Image from James Clears\u2019 \u2018 Atomic Habits\u2019<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"bdf5\"><em>\u201cThe ultimate form of intrinsic motivation is when a habit becomes part of your identity.\u201d- James Clear in the book Atomic Habits.&nbsp;<\/em>It is evident that if there is intrinsic motivation, tying in the right cues or triggers may lead to the desired habit, however, how do we minimise the mental or physical barrier to be able to perform the action that will eventually turn into a habit?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"9d1b\">Whether a task is easy or difficult to complete depends on one\u2019s level of ability. Does it require too much time? Does it require too much money? Does the user have to think too much? Does it fit into a regular schedule? Is it socially abnormal?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"e427\"><strong>Designing for irrationalities<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"0770\">As discussed in the<a href=\"https:\/\/uxmag.com\/articles\/ux-and-decision-making\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">&nbsp;previous article<\/a>&nbsp;the user\u2019s biases play a large part in their decision-making and can reduce their intrinsic motivation or cause users to give up trying to modify their behaviour at any of the stages and touchpoints along the habit formation process. Being mindful of these mental shortcuts and barriers can help UX designers focus on ability-based triggers and actions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/uxmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/UX-and-the-Hook-image-3-1-1024x1024.jpeg\" alt=\"My interpretation of combining the various existing models for a successful habit loop\" class=\"wp-image-16849\" srcset=\"https:\/\/uxmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/UX-and-the-Hook-image-3-1.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/uxmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/UX-and-the-Hook-image-3-1-300x300.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/uxmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/UX-and-the-Hook-image-3-1-150x150.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/uxmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/UX-and-the-Hook-image-3-1-768x768.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/uxmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/UX-and-the-Hook-image-3-1-75x75.jpeg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>My interpretation of combining the various existing models for a successful habit loop<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"7b36\">Some types of barriers, biases, and opportunities are identified below (from various research findings). Overcoming these barriers may lead to a habit creation and eventually a habit loop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"916\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/uxmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/UX-and-the-Hook-image-4-1.png\" alt=\"UX and the Hook. The table describing barrier type, cognitive biases. opportunities (ability based triggers and actions)\" class=\"wp-image-16850\" srcset=\"https:\/\/uxmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/UX-and-the-Hook-image-4-1.png 916w, https:\/\/uxmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/UX-and-the-Hook-image-4-1-268x300.png 268w, https:\/\/uxmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/UX-and-the-Hook-image-4-1-768x859.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 916px) 100vw, 916px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"5ec5\"><strong>A positive reinforcement | sustainable behaviour change<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"6aed\">If we know what an icon stands for or what would be the consequence of a certain action or getting feedback on an action, does that give the user the satisfaction or positive reinforcement to continue on the journey?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"8327\">Strategically designing the presentation and timing of choices to encourage people to make self-beneficial decisions, riding on the intrinsic motivation and focusing on the ability of the user, can lead to a sustainable habit creation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"8c53\"><strong>References<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"228c\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/computer-science\/user-mental-model#:~:text=A%20user's%20mental%20model%20is,a%20piece%20at%20a%20time.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u201cUser Mental Model.\u201d User Mental Model \u2014 an overview | ScienceDirect Topics. Accessed August 23, 2022.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"9fc3\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bentley.edu\/centers\/user-experience-center\/design-digital-habits.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u201cDesign for Digital Habits.\u201d Bentley University. Accessed August 23, 2022.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"a034\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/computer-science\/cognitive-affordance.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u201cCognitive Affordance.\u201d Cognitive Affordance \u2014 an overview | ScienceDirect Topics. Accessed August 23, 2022.<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"781a\"><a href=\"https:\/\/betterhumans.pub\/cognitive-bias-cheat-sheet-55a472476b18.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Benson, Buster. \u201cCognitive Bias Cheat Sheet.\u201d Medium. Better Humans, December 20, 2021.<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"2de9\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.samuelthomasdavies.com\/book-summaries\/self-help\/atomic-habits\/#:~:text=An%20atomic%20habit%20is%20a,the%20wrong%20system%20for%20change.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u201cBook Summary: Atomic Habits by James Clear.\u201d Sam Thomas Davies, June 25, 2022.<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We have a bit of insight into&nbsp;UX and decision-making.&nbsp;We have established that while designing a product we need to be aware of the user\u2019s biases and behaviours. With this in mind can technology be designed to persuade people to behave in a certain way? Can it be used as a positive reinforcement? To understand this,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2504,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"topics":[149,25,28,29,35,2909,116,121,122],"class_list":{"0":"post-16816","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-uncategorized","7":"topics-behavioral-science","8":"topics-customer-experience","9":"topics-design","10":"topics-design-theory","11":"topics-emotion","12":"topics-neuroscience","13":"topics-usability","14":"topics-ux-education","15":"topics-ux-magazine","16":"entry"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v18.2.1 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>UX and the Hook - UX Magazine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Tips of how to use user\u2019s biases and behaviors\u00a0 to create better UX\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/uxmag.com\/articles\/ux-and-the-hook\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"UX and the Hook\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Tips of how to use user\u2019s biases and behaviors\u00a0 to create better UX\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/uxmag.com\/articles\/ux-and-the-hook\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"UX Magazine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/uxmag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-09-28T20:55:25+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-09-28T20:55:37+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/uxmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/UX-and-the-Hook-image-1-1.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Sreya Majumdar\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@uxmag\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@uxmag\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Sreya Majumdar\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/uxmag.com\/articles\/ux-and-the-hook#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/uxmag.com\/articles\/ux-and-the-hook\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Sreya Majumdar\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/uxmag.com\/#\/schema\/person\/29bf78eeee38f01d80daf2890c525ba3\"},\"headline\":\"UX and the Hook\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-09-28T20:55:25+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-09-28T20:55:37+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/uxmag.com\/articles\/ux-and-the-hook\"},\"wordCount\":1432,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/uxmag.com\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/uxmag.com\/articles\/ux-and-the-hook#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/uxmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/UX-and-the-Hook-image-1-1.png\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/uxmag.com\/articles\/ux-and-the-hook\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/uxmag.com\/articles\/ux-and-the-hook\",\"name\":\"UX and the Hook - 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